What does eutrophication refer to in aquatic environments?

Eutrophication refers specifically to the process in aquatic environments where there is an excess concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. This nutrient overload typically results from various human activities, such as agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge, and industrial effluents.

As nutrients build up in the water, they stimulate the excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae, a phenomenon known as algal blooms. These blooms can severely alter the ecosystem, leading to numerous ecological and environmental problems. When the algae die and decompose, their breakdown consumes a significant amount of oxygen from the water, which can create hypoxic conditions detrimental to aquatic life, leading to fish kills and a decline in biodiversity.

Recognizing this, it's critical to understand the expansive impact that nutrient enrichment has on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. This understanding not only informs aquatic management practices but also emphasizes the importance of policies aimed at controlling nutrient pollution.